Mastkhel Welfare Organization 2.55

The Volunteer org working for the betterment of the community development ,health ,education and other social sector.We have plan to focus on developing sustainable health care systems by training and encouraging local communities to carry out initiatives that combat diseases, provide psycho-social care, restore infrastructure and strengthen organizational systems
Aims & Objectives :
1. Welfare of Youth, Women, Children & Community Development,& awareness, and capacity building programs.
2. To improve the living status of poor specially women and children by sustainable, participatory and integrated development.
3. To provide health and educational facilities, rehabilitation and shelter, skill development & income generation, infrastructure, peace and social justice, and emergency relief facilities to the disadvantaged people.
4. To arrange sports and cultural activities.
5. To eradicate poverty, social evils, and women violence and child abuse.

The Background History Of Mastkhel Tribe

Ghazi Umra Khan Jandoli & history of Mastkhel Tribe
Ghazi Umra Khan Jandoli also famous by the name,"Napoleon of Pathans", was born in 1860 in the
ruling family of Khan Aman Khan. Khan Aman Khan was the successor of his father Faiz Talab Khan
who belong the Mast Khel tribe a sub section of Tarkalani tribe of Pashtuns. Umra Khan got early
education at home from Qazi Abdul Jalil and the knowledge of Quran from Hafiz Abdul Manan.
Family Background: Tarkalani tribe was migrated from Afghanistan before 1523 to help their brother
tribe Yousaf Zai against the Dalazak Khan of Jandol. Afterward this tribe also settled in the area of
Maidan, Barawal, Jandol, Mohmand and Salarzai.Kaka Zai, Yousaf Zai, Ismail Zai and Salar Zai are
the sub tribes of Tarkalani Tribe derived the names from the names of the four sons of Tarkalani
Baba. Tarkalan baba distributed his territory in his sons by giving Jandol and Barawal to Esa,
Maidan and lower parts of Bara Wal to his son Ismail. Later on Jandol was sub divided among Musa
Khel, Shekhel, Alibeg Khel and Mast Khel. These branches are collectively known as Esa Zai.
Similarly Barawal and Maidan were also subdivided among Aka khel, Boja Khel, Atrafi and Kalot
Khel collectively known as Ismail Zai. Mast Ali Khan Baba: Since long time the Tarkalani tribes had
no system of united governing and each Village and area was populated by individual Khans
(leaders) who were recognizing each others but at the end of 17th century The area was suffered
from starvation and looting and violence was erupted, the people from different areas came and
looting the people of Jandol. This situation compelled the elders of Jandol to think about a strong
system to ensure peace in the area. In 1744, a gathering of the elders of the people was held and
they nominated Mast Ali Khan Baba as the Khan of Jandol who was a wise, noble and religious
person. He was born in the village of Getkay (area of Swara Ghwandai Jandol). As a religious
scholar he got great respect in the area. He was the only son of a pious widow. Mast Ali Khan was a
wise and intelligent person and soon he established peace and justice in the area. He was delivering
peaches, listening to the peoples problem and settling the conflicts, large number of people came
from far long areas to listen him. In fact this was the first stone of the Mast Khel rule in Jandol laid
down by Mast Ali Khan Baba. He was died in 1755 and was buried in his village Qandhari in Jandol.
These days Mast Khel is largely populated in the villages like Qandhari, Tangi, Shena, Swara
Ghwandai, Damtal, Kamngara but a large number migrated to Peshawar and Karachi as well. After
the death of Mast Ali Khan Baba his family shifted to Smarbagh and his son Khan Ayub Khan
became the Khan of Jandol who not only got influence in the area but also developed an armed
force. He ruled from 1755 to 1790.After his death his son Khan Hayat Khan (1790 to 1821) got the
power and he worked for the development of Jandoli and divided Jandol administratively in four
zones and appointed his sons as the administrators. His elder son Khan Ghaffar Khan was given
upper Jandol, lower Jandol to Faiz Talab Khan, Jan Bhatai (Barawal) to Feroz Khan and Maidan was
given to Shah Nazar.At the end stage he handed over the powers to his elder son Ghaffar Khan.
Khan Ghaffar Khan leaded Jandol from 1821 to 1850.He became the strongest Khan of Jandol. He
developed Jandol in each field. At the same time in the state of Dir Khan Gazan Khan was the
strongest Khan of Dir.The daughter of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was married with Khan Rahmat
Khan, the son of Khan Gazan Khan. After the death of Ghaffar Khan his brother Faiz Talab Khan
(1850 to 1875) got the control of Jandol by force from Amanat Khan who was the son of Ghaffar
Khan. He revolted many times but could not succeed against Faiz Talab Khan, who was no doubt
proved himself a strong and wise leader and strengthen him self by developing organized armed
force. His strength can be judges from the battle of Ambella against the British government of India in
which he took part with about 6000 soldiers. After the death of Faiz Talab Khan his son Khan Aman
Khan became the Khan of Jandol but soon died and a fight for the powers was started among his
sons, Umra khan along with his younger brother Mohammad Shah Khan were kept in exile by the
elder brothers Mohammad Zaman Khan, Hasan Khan and Afzal Khan. The elder brothers divided
Jandol among themselves. This time was the time of crises and Anarchy like situation because on
one hand the sons of Khan Aman Khan were fighting against each others and on the other hand the
Amanat Khan the son of Ghaffar khan once again started struggles to regain the rule of Jandol. This
was the time when the enmity between the two families of Mast Khel became grievous which
consequently leaded to their weakness. Ghazi Umra Khan: The early days of exile Umra Khan spent
some time with Tor Lali Khan of Utman Khel and then got asylum with Ghulam Mohammad Khan of
Pachigram Swat and stayed their for about six months. In 1880 Umra Khan went for Hajj with a
renowned religious scholar Pir Syed Ahmad Shah who were preaching in Ala Dand.That was the
time when a movement was running against the Indian British government known as Waliullah
Movement, during performing hajj Umra Khan met with Maulana Mahmood ul Hasan and Maulana
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi who were prominent figures of the foresaid movement.Umra Khan was
greatly inspired by them and they decided that Umra Khan has to organize an armed force within
Tarkalani and Yousaf Zai Tribes. After returning from Hajj (according to many elders and sources) his
younger brother got wounded his mouth by a dry piece of bread and at that time Umra Khan owed
that he will got the power of Jandol. After this decision he came to Jandol very quietly and killed his
elder brother. A very strong story about the event is still remembered to elder people that after the
death of his brother Umra Khan was surrounded by the guards to kill him but his mother came out
and asked the guards that I have lost my one eye, You people are going to destroy my other one and
her these words compelled the guards to let him alive and on the very next day Umra Khan declared
himself as khan of Jandol. Umra Khan in a short period of time got the confidence of people, he
formed a forum of elders of the area and assured them that he will give Islamic judiciary system and
he proved by his style of governing and justified decisions. Soon his brothers Hasan Khan and
Mohammad Afzal Khan with the soldiers of Khan Rahmat Khan of Dir defeated him at a battle fought
at Mayar. Umra Khan got the help of Dilarm Khan of Bajawar and defeated his brothers at Sadbar
Kalay. His brothers flee toward Bajawar and Umra Khan asked the opponent Khans of the area to
surrender and on refusal he started attacks and in a short time he got control of the whole of Jandol.
After controlling the powers he gave attention towards reforms like an organized army, constructions
of forts and legislations. Smarbagh was declared the headquarter and in other areas he appointed
Tehsildars. On the other hand he sent a delegation to the British Commissioner at Peshawar and
established relations with the British government, in response the British government warmly
welcome his friendship and recognized the state of Jandol. In the light of the meeting held at Makka
Mukarama with the Maulana Mahmood ul Hasan and Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi it is quite
clear that by extending hand of friendship towards the British government, Umra Khan wanted to
strengthen his economy and armed forces and the coming events proved that he was really worked
for a united strong force against the British. During that meeting with the commissioner many
agreements were signed between the two parties. As mentioned early that Maidan and Barawal was
part of Jandol but Khan Qasim Khan of Dir occupied and brought these areas under the control of Dir
state in 1816.In about 62 years Umra Khan was the first Khan of Jandol who unveiled his sword to
regain his area from Dir. From 1882 onward many battles were fought between Dir and Jandol. The
famous battles fought during this period include battles fought at Malala, Khazana, Walai, Talash,
Maidan, Balambat and Shehzadi. Mean while Mian Gul Abdul Hanan, the Wali of Swat joined hands
with the Khan of Dir against Umra Khan because Umra Khan refused to give the area of Shamozai
(Adenzai) which he was occupied from Khan of Dir on the request of Wali Swat. Umra Khan played
same game with Pana Kot Khan and Amirul Mulk of Chitral./

If we analyze these events in the light of Umra Khan Character, who was hosnet, relegious
and having great moral qualities and the meeting of Umra Khan with the Mahmood ul Hasan
and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi in Makka, it becomes quite clear that the aim of Umra Khan
Activities was no more than to establish a strong and united state. After the refusal of Umra
Khan the forces of Dir and Swat attacked on Umra Khan army in Adenzai from two sides but
after a bloodshed fight the united army of Dir and Swat was defeated and Mian Gul Abdul
Hanan with his prominent people were arrested and shifted to Jandol. Later on the request of
a delegation from Swat they were released. In 1884, Umra Khan attacked on Dir areas and
captured the forts of Shehzadi, Balambat, Kohna Dair (Haji abad) and Timergra and in the
result of an agreement with Bandai Khan Maidan became a part of Jandol. It shows the
wisdom if Umra Khan who got control of Maidan with out any offence and in this way about
half of Dir came under control of Jandol. From 1888 t0 1890, many battles were fought
between Dir and Jandol and also in Jandol and Nawa gai. In Maidan and Nawa gai battles
Umra Khan was defeated but he did not lose heart. In the battle of Nawagai the commander
of Umra khan army was killed, and on the news of defeats in the battle historians recorded
these famous words of Umra Khan.






"Means that O, Khan of Nawagai I will punish you but the girls of Mian Kalay will not see your
defeat."
And after a short period of time a heavy blood shed battle was fought between the two and
Nawagai Khan was defeated and this is an amazing co incidence that in the first battle the
commander of Umra Khan Army was killed while in the second war the army commander of
Nawagai khan was killed. In 1890 Umra khan decided to once resolve the matters with Dir
state. He divided his force in two parts, The first on leaded by himself with about 4000
soldiers and khan of Bandai Maidan Khan Sardar Khan advanced from Barawal Banda side
while the second part which was commanding by his brother Mohammad Shah Khan with
3000 thousands men attacked from Walai Kando side on Balambat. That time Khan
Mohammad Sharif Khan was the Nawab of Dir. His soldiers resisted but could not stay
before the Jandoli soldiers, Mohammad Shah khan faced strong resistance at the fort of
Bebyawar but he defeated the defenders and got advanced toward Dir upper. At Chukyatan
near the headquarter of upper Dir the two parts of the Jandoli army met and invaded Dir. The
Nawab soldiers fought and resisted but could not save the rule of Mohammad Sharif Khan.
He left Dir with his family and loyal and went to Nehag Dara.Umra Khan left his brother
Mohammad Shah Khan as governor of Dir and returned to Jandol via Shahi pass. Later on
ordered Mohammad Sharif khan to leave Dir as he was busy in conspiracies against
Mohammad Shah Khan there fore Khan of Dir was exiled to Swat. In 1891 Mohammad Sharif
Khan along with prominent figures of different areas of Dir went to Afghanistan to get help but
Amir Abdur Rahman the king of Afghanistan refused and Mohammad Sharif Khan back to
Swat and lived in exile. This was the time when Umra Khan was the strong ruler of the area,
He also invaded the areas of Swat and captured Nekbe Khel, Doshkhel, Shamozai, Mian
brongola and Badwan and extended the boundaries of Jandol. Umra Khan enforced the
Islamic system of Ushar (Every Muslim has to pay 10% of his income from land). In 1991 to
Sadat Khan of Rani Zai was exiled by his local rival Sharif khan, Sadat khan was the brother
in law of Umra Khan. Umra Khan warned Sharif Khan to give the area of Sadat Khan but he
refused. Umra Khan sent a force and after a heavy battle Sharif Khan was defeated and
Umra Khan nominated Sadat Khan as Khan of the whole Rani Zai. After Controlling Rani Zai
Umra Khan advanced towards Skha Kot and captured some areas of Skha Kot but he faced
strong resistance and stopped further advancement. He built a fort just ahead Skha Kot and
brought the area under the rule of Jandol. Umra Khan tried to extend the boundaries of Jandol
up to Peshawar there fore he invaded Bajawar but he could not succeeded as Wilayat Khan
of Bajawar strongly resisted and defeated him. At this juncture I would like to throw some light
on the role of the British government, The British government kept keen eyes on the activities
of Umra Khan and they were feeling danger in the rapidly extending rule of Jandol state but
they remained quite until the Invasion of Umra Khan on Asmar(Afghanistan) provided them
the opportunity there fore as the Afghan Government presented complaints against Umra
Khan attack on Asmar to the British government, the Indian British government secretary Lord
Rifon wrote a letter to Umra khan and warn Umra Khan that "You are asked to refrain yourself
from such aggressions ".Umra Khan tried to explain but the British government was no more
happy with him. Invasion on Chitral: (N. (Captain Young Husband wrote in his book the
relief of Chitral that if Umra Khan could continued his relations with the British government
than he will be the only ruler from Peshawar to Chitral.). It was 1892 when Mehtar of Chitral
Amanul Mulk exiled his son Amir ul Mulk that he was allegedly involved in planning of revolt
against his father. Umra Khan was the son in law of Mehtar Aman ul Mulk. Amir Ul Mulk came
to Jandol and requested Umra Khan for help, Umra Khan provided force to Amir l Mulk and
he invaded Chitral and occupied Valley Nusrat, Arando and Barikot. Umra Khan built here
two forts and a bridge on river Chitral for communication purposes. Mehtar Aman ul Mulk
wrote a letter to the British government and complained against Umra Khan. The British
government as told early was afraid of the rapidly growing powers of Umra Khan and they
already warn Umra Khan to stop his invasive activities. The Political agent of Gilgit wrote
Umra Khan to left Chitral or he will be out from India by force. Mean while after the death, his
sons were fighting for powers and after many killings the step brother of Amanul Mulk came
from Afghanistan and defeated and killed Afzal ul Mulk who became Mehtar after the death of
Aman ul Mulk. The elder son of Aman ul Mulk from Gilgit got help from the British government
and defeated Sher Afzal who went escaped back to Afghanistan. In 1894, Umra Khan
attacked on the Kelash valley which was the land of Non Muslims and they were also attacked
by Amir Abdur Rahman from Afghanistan. This was the time when the spirit of Jihad was
present in the hearts of the leadership. Umra Khan send his cousin Mir Agha but he was
defeated, Umra Khan send another about three hundred soldiers in the command of Abdul
Majeed but once again they were defeated. Umra Khan ordered his soldiers not to come
back to Jandol until the Kelash Non Muslim surrender or accept Islam, and Umra Khan with
four thousands of soldiers advanced to Chitral despite of the extreme cold and snow fall he
passed Lawari top and invite the people of Kamdesh to accept Islam,
They accepted Islam and Umra Khan advanced and on refusal of the people he kept the whole
Gardesh in siege. After facing great resistance Umra Khan got control of the whole Basghal valley
which was the head quarter of Kelash nation. During fight Umra Khan used complete force but he
advised his army that they will never be allowed to kill any innocent or injured the peaceful people. To
decrease the stress and fear of the local non Muslims Umra Khan married there not only himself but
encouraged his soldiers to marry there. Due to these positive and humanitarian behaviors a large
number of the non Muslims embraced Islam. As a result Umra Khan became the hero of Nooristan
Valley (previously known as Kafiristan). On these invasions the British Commissioner of Peshawar
send message to Umra Khan to stop his aggression but Umra Khan replied that this area is not part
of Chitral and this is my religious duty to invite them to Islam. Despite of the reservations of the
British government Umra Khan on returning from Nooristan occupied from Nusrat valley to Ashrait
village. Mehtar Chitral Nizam ul Mulk requested the British Political agent to stop Umra Khan. On
one hand the British Political agent once again warn Umra Khan and made preparation to advance
to Chitral while on the other hand Mehtar Nizam ul Mulk was Killed and his younger brother Amir ul
Mulk became the Mehtar of Chitral. Umra Khan got the opportunity and in 1895 he occupied a vast
area of Chitral. He further invaded on Drosh and after a strong resistance Amir Ul Mulk lost the
control of Drosh. That was the time when the British government could not remained impartial and
the British army advanced from Gilgit to Chitral via Shandor.If the British army made delay then the
occupying the whole Chitral was a few days work for Umra Khan. The British army was commanded
by Captain Cambil. The British army continued their way to Chitral in a very cold weather and heavy
snow fall and stayed Gherat. Sir Robertson wrote to Umra Khan that," If he will not vacate his army,
the British army will throw him out". The Jandoli army marched towards the British camp and
exchange of a minor fire was the actual start of the British government and Umra Khan. The British
army occupied the Chitral fort and sends another letter to Umra Khan to vacate Chitral. According to
Sir Robertson the number of their soldiers was 543.On 3rd March a heavy fight was started in which
22 non commissioned officers along with Captain Baird, Gen.Baj Sing and Maj Bhikam were killed
and Cap.Kambil along with 28 soldiers were wounded. From 3rd march when the British
government entered in the fort they remained in siege until April, 19 because the Umra Khan army
completely surrounded the fort. Immediately the Commissioner Peshawar was informed. On March,
7th the letter of Sir Robertson was reached to Delhi in which he explained his weak position and the
Spirit of Jihad of the Muslim in which they were supporting Umra Khan. On 15th march during a
minor fight the Jandoli soldiers arrested Lieutenant Edward and Lieutenant Pawlar and were
presented to Umra Khan in Drosh.They were sent to Jandol. The weak position and low moral can
be understand from the letter wrote by Sir Robertson to the Indian government, he wrote," The
evening closed in and we sat down to our frugal dinner of inferior horse meat and spoiled rice".
According to the writer of the book,'Gumnam Reyast", the British government was decided to finish
the rule of Umra Khan because they were worried about the intentions of Umra Khan. He further
wrote that the British government was looking that from a small area Umra Khan extended the
boundaries of his state up to Drosh in North, Skha Kot in south, Nooristan Valley, some parts of
Bajawar, Adin Zai, and about half of Swat. They also noted his attack on Afghanistan, invasion on
Chitral, attack on Kafiristan (Kelash) and his slogan of unity of the different Pathans tribes and his
promises of the establishment of Islamic laws were the basics of his popularity and a threat for the
British government. The writer of,"Gumnam Reyast further wrote that," The British government now
realized that the Umra Khan attacks on the surrounding areas were not limited but he was trying to
establish an independent state from Hindu Kash to Peshawar,". On this stage the British
government on hand prepared 20,000 soldiers in Peshawar and on the other hand once again
started their favorite game of divide and rule. They sort out the opponent of Umra Khan and took
them in confidence. The first one was Khan Mohammad Sharif Khan who was living in exile, on the
invitation of the British government when the relief force reached to Dargai, Mohammad Sharif Khan
was present there to welcome them. In this meeting of the two parties some Khans of Mardan like
Khan Bahadar, Khwaja Mohammad Khan Hoti, Sarfaraz Khan, Rahim Shah, and Yar Mohammad
Khan Badrashi played important role.
The second important move of British government was the contact with those religious persons who
were against Umra Khan and as the followers of SAIDO BABA of Swat were against Umra Khan
due to his occupation of the Swat areas, they started propaganda against Umra Khan. Amongst
them a well known was Mukrani Mullah who was exiled to Afghanistan by Umra Khan, came back
and issued written handbills in which he declared that Umra Khan is not an Islamic ruler and
supporting him against the British is not Jehad.Thouh people of Dir Swat and Malakand still stood
with Umra Khan but this propaganda caused a big damage to Umra Khan efforts for uniting people
against the British Government. Similarly the British took a large number of powerful Khawaneen
(leaders of different villages) and fixed monthly allowances for them. After these preparations the
British Army moved towards Malakand and the mission was given the name of,"The relief of
Chitral".The total number of the British Army was about 20000 including artillery and engineering
cores.Sir Robert law was the commander of the army. On April 3, 1895 the British Army arrived at
malakand, on the other hand despite of anti Umra Khan Propaganda a large number of people from
Dir, Swat, Bunir and Bajawar reached to Malakand to join the Jihad against the British. The number
of the Pathans was about 12000 but only about 3000 soldiers were equipped with old design rifles
while the rest of the people had swords, oxes and wooden rods etc. But the British army used their
artillery (Similarly like these days the war in Afghanistan when American soldiers could not got
courage to face the Afghans on the land and regularly using their air force.) Sir Robertson Churchill
has given this battle the name of,"Malakand storm". Different British writers appreciated the zeal
and enthusiasm of the Pashtuns in the battle of Malakand, they very honestly praising the courage of
the Pashtuns. At the end the British succeeded but they lost at least 87 dead and 41 injured and the
number of the Muslims martyred and injured were many more than the British but on the top of
Malakand every body can easily find the Yadgar (Grave yard of Martyrs of 1895) with a small
mosque and the grave yard of Christians at some distance. The next fight was fought at Amandara
where again the British army brutally used their artillery against humans which badly damaged the
Muslims strength and balance of power of both the forces can be estimated from the fact that in the
battle of Amandara only 30 British soldiers were killed while 800 Mujahideen presented their blood
for the sack of Allah and their home land. At April 7, 1895 the British army appeared at Chikdara,
Umra Khan sent his brother Mohammad Shah Khan with 3000 soldiers to stop the British. At

At Chikdara despite of a big difference between the two forces Mohammad Shah Khan stop
the British at least for five hours but he could not continue his resistance furthers more and he
retreated from the field. The British army ruined that historical fort of Ramora and started
moving towards Timergara via Talash. Through out the way to Timergara the Mujahidin
continued sudden attacks on the British army and kept them in a persistent fear and trouble.
On April 11, 1895 the British army reached to Saido and stayed there to prepare for crossing
river Panjkora. The engineering core developed a bridge on the river and when about half of
the army were crossed the river, the bridge was washed out by the flooded waves and at the
same time the Mujahidin attacked from Kamrani top. It was not too far that the half of British
army will be destroyed by Mujahidin but once again from the opposite bank of the river they
used their artillery but still the British army lost colonel Kalbot, captain Filebz, colonel Betaye
along with 23 soldiers. On April 17, 1895 the British army once again faced Mujahidin at
Gosam, it is the mid way to Munda which was the strong fort of Umra Khan. Once again the
British army use artillery and about 300 Mujahidin were martyred while 3 British soldiers were
killed. Till that time the cousin and army commander of Umra Khan Abdul Majeed Khan was in
Chitral with 4000 soldiers and with most of the weapons. Now Umra Khan was struggling
together different tribes and to have a final fight with the British but when he asked Abdul
Majeed to immediately move to Jandol, He used Delay tactics and did not come as he was
sold himself for a few rupees and the greed of the rule of Jandol. In Munda Umra Khan was
accompanied by 1000 of soldiers. When the British army reached to Munda, Sir Robert Law
sent a letter to Umra Khan for negotiations but in fact he was in the struggle to arrest Umra
Khan as per Delhi orders. In response Umra Khan replied ," I am surrounded by thousands of
Mujahidin they will not let me negotiate there fore you send your army back and I will send mine
then we will have a meeting in the field but Sir Robertson refused this proposal as he was
actually not interested in Negotiations. Umra Kan was very dishearten by the role of some
mullahs and his cousin who betrayed him in a critical situation and now with only 1000 soldiers
he very rightly decided to leave Jandol. At that evening Umra Khan was in Munda fort with the
elders of different parts of the area and held a meeting with them. After offering the evening
prayer he came out and addressed his soldiers. ," He said, if I had 1600 brave soldiers in
Malakand the British will never cross Malakand. He further told that I am not defeated by the
enemy rather I am defeated by my relatives and friends. By this defeat I have lost my state but
many have lost their faith. He showed the pamphlet of Mukrani Mullah in which he stopped
people from jihad and then he said that I will come back with army from Afghanistan and will
fight with enemies till the last breath. He told the people to loot the fort and then he left Jandol
with forty soldiers. Umra Khan was warmly welcomed in Afghanistan and he was given proper
protocol and facilities but what for Umra Khan went to Afghanistan that is to establish an army,
The Afghan government did not allow him to involved in such activitis.He devoted him self for
social works and established a Madrassa.He was died at Charda Afghanistan at the age of
44. His burial ceremony was attended by Amir Abdurrahman and other officials of the
government. The Afghan government announced two day leave in the grief of Umra Khan's
death and He was given the title of Sardar Bahadar. The writer of the book Gumnam Reyasat
wrote in his book,' our new generation is perhaps do not know about Umra Khan while many
British writers wrote about him. He further writes that the Umra Khan war against British was
the second major event against the British after the war of Independence 1857, and it is a
bright chapter of the Pakistan and especially Dir history.